# Introduction

PostGIS is a spatial extension for the PostgreSQL relational database that was created by Refractions Research Inc, as a spatial database technology research project. Refractions is a GIS and database consulting company in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, specializing in data integration and custom software development.

PostGIS is now a project of the OSGeo Foundation and is developed and funded by many FOSS4G developers and organizations all over the world that gain great benefit from its functionality and versatility.

The PostGIS project development group plans on supporting and enhancing PostGIS to better support a range of important GIS functionality in the areas of OGC and SQL/MM spatial standards, advanced topological constructs (coverages, surfaces, networks), data source for desktop user interface tools for viewing and editing GIS data, and web-based access tools.

## Project Steering Committee

The PostGIS Project Steering Committee (PSC) coordinates the general direction, release cycles, documentation, and outreach efforts for the PostGIS project. In addition the PSC provides general user support, accepts and approves patches from the general PostGIS community and votes on miscellaneous issues involving PostGIS such as developer commit access, new PSC members or significant API changes.

Raúl Marín Rodríguez

- MVT support, Bug fixing, Performance and stability improvements, GitHub curation, alignment of PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases

Regina Obe

- CI and website maintenance, Windows production and experimental builds, documentation, alignment of PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases, X3D support, TIGER geocoder support, management functions.

Darafei Praliaskouski

- Index improvements, bug fixing and geometry/geography function improvements, SFCGAL, raster, GitHub curation, and ci maintenance.

Paul Ramsey (Chair)

- Co-founder of PostGIS project. General bug fixing, geography support, geography and geometry index support (2D, 3D, nD index and anything spatial index), underlying geometry internal structures, GEOS functionality integration and alignment with GEOS releases, alignment of PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases, loader/dumper, and Shapefile GUI loader.

Sandro Santilli

- Bug fixes and maintenance, ci maintenance, git mirror management, management functions, integration of new GEOS functionality and alignment with GEOS releases, topology support, and raster framework and low level API functions.

## Core Contributors Present

Nicklas Avén

- Distance function enhancements (including 3D distance and relationship functions) and additions, Tiny WKB (TWKB) output format and general user support

Loïc Bartoletti

- SFCGAL enhancements and maintenance and ci support

Dan Baston

- Geometry clustering function additions, other geometry algorithm enhancements, GEOS enhancements and general user support

Martin Davis

- GEOS enhancements and documentation

Björn Harrtell

- MapBox Vector Tile, GeoBuf, and Flatgeobuf functions. Gitea testing and GitLab experimentation.

Aliaksandr Kalenik

- Geometry Processing, PostgreSQL gist, general bug fixing

## Core Contributors Past

Bborie Park

- Prior PSC Member. Raster development, integration with GDAL, raster loader, user support, general bug fixing, testing on various OS (Slackware, Mac, Windows, and more)

Mark Cave-Ayland

- Prior PSC Member. Coordinated bug fixing and maintenance effort, spatial index selectivity and binding, loader/dumper, and Shapefile GUI Loader, integration of new and new function enhancements.

Jorge Arévalo

- Raster development, GDAL driver support, loader

Olivier Courtin

- (Emeritus) Input/output XML (KML,GML)/GeoJSON functions, 3D support and bug fixes.

Chris Hodgson

- Prior PSC Member. General development, site and buildbot maintenance, OSGeo incubation management

Mateusz Loskot

- CMake support for PostGIS, built original raster loader in python and low level raster API functions

Kevin Neufeld

- Prior PSC Member. Documentation and documentation support tools, buildbot maintenance, advanced user support on PostGIS newsgroup, and PostGIS maintenance function enhancements.

Dave Blasby

- The original developer/Co-founder of PostGIS. Dave wrote the server side objects, index bindings, and many of the server side analytical functions.

Jeff Lounsbury

- Original development of the Shapefile loader/dumper.

Mark Leslie

- Ongoing maintenance and development of core functions. Enhanced curve support. Shapefile GUI loader.

Pierre Racine

- Architect of PostGIS raster implementation. Raster overall architecture, prototyping, programming support

David Zwarg

- Raster development (mostly map algebra analytic functions)

## Other Contributors

Individual Contributors

- - Alex Bodnaru
  - Alex Mayrhofer
  - Andrea Peri
  - Andreas Forø Tollefsen
  - Andreas Neumann
  - Andrew Gierth
  - Anne Ghisla
  - Antoine Bajolet
  - Arthur Lesuisse
  - Artur Zakirov
  - Ayo Adesugba
  - Barbara Phillipot
  - Ben Jubb
  - Bernhard Reiter
  - Björn Esser
  - Brian Hamlin
  - Bruce Rindahl
  - Bruno Wolff III
  - Bryce L. Nordgren
  - Carl Anderson
  - Charlie Savage
  - Chris Mayo
  - Christian Schroeder
  - Christoph Berg
  - Christoph Moench-Tegeder
  - Dane Springmeyer
  - Daniel Nylander
  - Dapeng Wang
  - Daryl Herzmann
  - Dave Fuhry
  - David Garnier
  - David Skea
  - David Techer
  - Denys Kovshun
  - Dian M Fay
  - Dmitry Vasilyev
  - Eduin Carrillo
  - Esteban Zimanyi
  - Eugene Antimirov
  - Even Rouault
  - Florian Weimer
  - Frank Warmerdam
  - George Silva
  - Gerald Fenoy
  - Gino Lucrezi
  - Greg Troxel
  - Guillaume Lelarge
  - Giuseppe Broccolo
  - Han Wang
  - Hans Lemuet
  - Haribabu Kommi
  - Havard Tveite
  - IIDA Tetsushi
  - Ingvild Nystuen
  - Jackie Leng
  - James Addison
  - James Marca
  - Jan Katins
  - Jan Tojnar
  - Jason Smith
  - Jeff Adams
  - Jelte Fennema
  - Jim Jones
  - Joe Conway
  - Jonne Savolainen
  - Jose Carlos Martinez Llari
  - Jörg Habenicht
  - Julien Rouhaud
  - Kashif Rasul
  - Klaus Foerster
  - Kris Jurka
  - Laurențiu Nicola
  - Laurenz Albe
  - Lars Roessiger
  - Leo Hsu
  - Loic Dachary
  - Luca S. Percich
  - Lucas C. Villa Real
  - Maksim Korotkov
  - Maria Arias de Reyna
  - Marc Ducobu
  - Mark Sondheim
  - Markus Schaber
  - Markus Wanner
  - Matt Amos
  - Matt Bretl
  - Matthias Bay
  - Maxime Guillaud
  - Maxime van Noppen
  - Maxime Schoemans
  - Megan Ma
  - Michael Fuhr
  - Mike Toews
  - Nathan Wagner
  - Nathaniel Clay
  - Nikolai Berkoff
  - Nikita Shulga
  - Norman Vine
  - Patricia Tozer
  - Rafal Magda
  - Ralph Mason
  - Rémi Cura
  - Richard Greenwood
  - Robert Coup
  - Roger Crew
  - Ron Mayer
  - Sam Peters
  - Sebastiaan Couwenberg
  - Sergei Shoulbakov
  - Sergey Fedoseev
  - Shinichi Sugiyama
  - Shoaib Burq
  - Silvio Grosso
  - Stefan Corneliu Petrea
  - Steffen Macke
  - Stepan Kuzmin
  - Stephen Frost
  - Steven Ottens
  - Talha Rizwan
  - Teramoto Ikuhiro
  - Tom Glancy
  - Tom van Tilburg
  - Victor Collod
  - Vincent Bre
  - Vincent Mora
  - Vincent Picavet
  - Volf Tomáš
  - Zuo Chenwei

Corporate Sponsors

- These are corporate entities that have contributed developer time, hosting, or direct monetary funding to the PostGIS project. In alphabetical order:

  - Aiven

  - Arrival 3D

  - Associazione Italiana per l'Informazione Geografica Libera (GFOSS.it)

  - AusVet

  - Avencia

  - Azavea

  - Boundless

  - Cadcorp

  - Camptocamp

  - Carto

  - Crunchy Data

  - City of Boston (DND)

  - City of Helsinki

  - Clever Elephant Solutions

  - Cooperativa Alveo

  - Deimos Space

  - Faunalia

  - Geographic Data BC

  - HighGo

  - Hunter Systems Group

  - INIA-CSIC

  - ISciences, LLC

  - Kontur

  - Lidwala Consulting Engineers

  - LISAsoft

  - Logical Tracking & Tracing International AG

  - Maponics

  - Michigan Tech Research Institute

  - Natural Resources Canada

  - Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute

  - Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)

  - OSGeo

  - Oslandia

  - Palantir Technologies

  - Paragon Corporation

  - Postgres Pro

  - R3 GIS

  - Refractions Research

  - Regione Toscana - SITA

  - Safe Software

  - Sirius Corporation plc

  - Stadt Uster

  - UC Davis Center for Vectorborne Diseases

  - Université Laval

  - U.S. Census Bureau

  - U.S. Department of State (HIU)

  - Zonar Systems

Crowd Funding Campaigns

- Crowd funding campaigns are campaigns we run to get badly wanted features funded that can service a large number of people. Each campaign is specifically focused on a particular feature or set of features. Each sponsor chips in a small fraction of the needed funding and with enough people/organizations contributing, we have the funds to pay for the work that will help many. If you have an idea for a feature you think many others would be willing to co-fund, please post to the PostGIS newsgroup your thoughts and together we can make it happen.

  PostGIS 2.0.0 was the first release we tried this strategy. We used PledgeBank and we got two successful campaigns out of it.

  postgistopology - 10 plus sponsors each contributed $250 USD to build toTopoGeometry function and beef up topology support in 2.0.0. It happened.

  postgis64windows - 20 someodd sponsors each contributed $100 USD to pay for the work needed to work out PostGIS 64-bit issues on windows. It happened.

Important Support Libraries

- The GEOS geometry operations library

  The GDAL Geospatial Data Abstraction Library used to power much of the raster functionality introduced in PostGIS 2. In kind, improvements needed in GDAL to support PostGIS are contributed back to the GDAL project.

  The PROJ cartographic projection library

  Last but not least, PostgreSQL, the giant that PostGIS stands on. Much of the speed and flexibility of PostGIS would not be possible without the extensibility, great query planner, GIST index, and plethora of SQL features provided by PostgreSQL.